diff --git a/apps/booterm/tmux.conf b/apps/booterm/tmux.conf
index 34457b9..ef5eef7 100644
--- a/apps/booterm/tmux.conf
+++ b/apps/booterm/tmux.conf
@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 set -g default-terminal "screen-256color"
 set -g history-limit 50000
-set -g mouse on
+# v1.10.3: `set -g mouse on` removed. tmux's mouse mode captured wheel/touch
+# events at the protocol level, so xterm.js never saw them and the viewport
+# couldn't scroll on mobile. With mouse off, xterm.js handles scrollback
+# natively (wheel on desktop, finger-drag on mobile via touch-action: pan-y).
+# Tradeoff: lose tmux mouse pane-resize and scroll-inside-vim; acceptable for
+# the homelab single-user setup.
 setw -g mode-keys vi
 set -g status off
 set -g destroy-unattached off
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/Workspace.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/Workspace.tsx
index af8c6fe..2aeae65 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/Workspace.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/Workspace.tsx
@@ -271,6 +271,7 @@ export function Workspace({
                   sessionId={sessionId}
                   paneId={pane.id}
                   label={terminalLabels.get(pane.id) ?? 'Terminal'}
+                  active={idx === activePaneIdx}
                 />
               ) : pane.kind === 'chat' && pane.chatId ? (
                 <ChatPane
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/panes/TerminalPane.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/panes/TerminalPane.tsx
index aab1ff7..af60a96 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/panes/TerminalPane.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/panes/TerminalPane.tsx
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
-import { useEffect, useRef } from 'react';
+import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react';
 import { Terminal } from 'xterm';
 import { FitAddon } from 'xterm-addon-fit';
 import { WebLinksAddon } from 'xterm-addon-web-links';
 import 'xterm/css/xterm.css';
+import { RefreshCw } from 'lucide-react';
+import { toast } from 'sonner';
 import { api } from '@/api/client';
 import { sendToTerminal, terminalsRegistry } from '@/lib/events';
 
@@ -10,12 +12,19 @@ interface Props {
   sessionId: string;
   paneId: string;
   label: string;
+  // v1.10.3: tells the pane it's the currently visible/focused one in the
+  // grid. Drives a refit so a terminal that was hidden (e.g. behind a
+  // maximize toggle) snaps to the right dimensions when it reappears.
+  active?: boolean;
 }
 
-// Minimal dark theme. xterm.js renders against its own canvas; CSS variables
-// don't reach it, so we hardcode. Matches the obsidian-dark base in spirit.
+// v1.10.3: terminal background matches the pane container's `bg-[#0b0f14]`
+// so any sub-cell rounding gap at the right/bottom edge is invisible. If
+// the workspace theme changes, update both this and the container className.
+const TERM_BG = '#0b0f14';
+
 const XTERM_THEME = {
-  background: '#0b0f14',
+  background: TERM_BG,
   foreground: '#d6deeb',
   cursor: '#82aaff',
   selectionBackground: '#1d3b53',
@@ -37,9 +46,33 @@ const XTERM_THEME = {
   brightWhite: '#ffffff',
 };
 
-export function TerminalPane({ sessionId, paneId, label }: Props) {
+// v1.10.3 Issue 5: override xterm's default layout so the canvas stretches
+// to the full container width. The `!important` is necessary because xterm's
+// own stylesheet (loaded via `import 'xterm/css/xterm.css'`) sets inline
+// width/height that we need to override. Also hides the scrollbar — touch /
+// trackpad / wheel still scroll, the chrome just isn't drawn.
+const XTERM_STYLE_OVERRIDES = `
+  .xterm { width: 100% !important; height: 100% !important; }
+  .xterm .xterm-screen { width: 100% !important; }
+  .xterm .xterm-viewport {
+    overflow-y: auto;
+    scrollbar-width: none;
+    -ms-overflow-style: none;
+  }
+  .xterm .xterm-viewport::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 0; height: 0; display: none; }
+`;
+
+type ConnState = 'connecting' | 'open' | 'reconnecting' | 'disconnected';
+
+const MAX_RECONNECT_ATTEMPTS = 3;
+
+export function TerminalPane({ sessionId, paneId, label, active = false }: Props) {
   const containerRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement | null>(null);
   const wsRef = useRef<WebSocket | null>(null);
+  const termRef = useRef<Terminal | null>(null);
+  const fitRef = useRef<FitAddon | null>(null);
+  const reconnectRef = useRef<() => void>(() => {});
+  const [connState, setConnState] = useState<ConnState>('connecting');
 
   useEffect(() => {
     const container = containerRef.current;
@@ -47,6 +80,8 @@ export function TerminalPane({ sessionId, paneId, label }: Props) {
 
     let disposed = false;
     let resizeDebounceTimer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
+    let reconnectTimer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
+    let attempts = 0;
 
     const term = new Terminal({
       fontFamily: '"JetBrains Mono Variable", "JetBrains Mono", ui-monospace, monospace',
@@ -54,10 +89,14 @@ export function TerminalPane({ sessionId, paneId, label }: Props) {
       lineHeight: 1.2,
       cursorBlink: true,
       scrollback: 10_000,
+      fastScrollModifier: 'shift',
+      altClickMovesCursor: false,
       theme: XTERM_THEME,
       allowProposedApi: true,
     });
+    termRef.current = term;
     const fit = new FitAddon();
+    fitRef.current = fit;
     term.loadAddon(fit);
     term.loadAddon(new WebLinksAddon());
     term.open(container);
@@ -67,101 +106,279 @@ export function TerminalPane({ sessionId, paneId, label }: Props) {
       /* container not yet sized */
     }
 
-    // POST start kicks the tmux window into existence before the WS upgrade.
-    // It's idempotent so a refresh just no-ops. Failures fall through to the
-    // WS handler which will also call ensureWindow.
-    api.terminals.start(sessionId, paneId).catch(() => {
-      /* surfaced by WS error if it matters */
+    // v1.10.3 Issue 5: web-font metrics aren't final at mount. Re-fit after
+    // the JetBrains Mono variable font lands so column count matches what
+    // the canvas actually paints. document.fonts.ready resolves once the
+    // initial font set is loaded; chaining .fit() on it is a one-shot.
+    if (typeof document !== 'undefined' && document.fonts && document.fonts.ready) {
+      document.fonts.ready
+        .then(() => {
+          if (disposed) return;
+          try {
+            fit.fit();
+          } catch {
+            /* ignore */
+          }
+        })
+        .catch(() => {
+          /* ignore */
+        });
+    }
+
+    // v1.10.3 copy/paste: xterm v5 ships no clipboard addon — bind manually.
+    //   Cmd/Ctrl-C + selection      → copy, swallow keystroke (no ^C)
+    //   Cmd/Ctrl-C, no selection    → fall through (xterm sends SIGINT)
+    //   Cmd/Ctrl-Shift-C            → ALWAYS swallow; copy if selection, no-op otherwise
+    //   Cmd/Ctrl-V / Cmd/Ctrl-Shift-V → paste from clipboard, swallow
+    term.attachCustomKeyEventHandler((e) => {
+      if (e.type !== 'keydown') return true;
+      const mod = e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey;
+      if (!mod) return true;
+      const isC = e.key === 'c' || e.key === 'C';
+      const isV = e.key === 'v' || e.key === 'V';
+      if (isC) {
+        if (term.hasSelection()) {
+          const sel = term.getSelection();
+          if (sel) {
+            navigator.clipboard.writeText(sel).catch(() => {
+              toast.error('Clipboard write failed');
+            });
+          }
+          return false;
+        }
+        // No selection: Shift means "force-swallow" (no ^C); without Shift
+        // we let xterm send SIGINT.
+        return !e.shiftKey;
+      }
+      if (isV) {
+        navigator.clipboard
+          .readText()
+          .then((text) => {
+            if (!text) return;
+            const ws = wsRef.current;
+            if (ws && ws.readyState === WebSocket.OPEN) ws.send(text);
+          })
+          .catch(() => {
+            toast.error('Clipboard read failed');
+          });
+        return false;
+      }
+      return true;
     });
 
-    const proto = window.location.protocol === 'https:' ? 'wss:' : 'ws:';
-    const initialCols = term.cols;
-    const initialRows = term.rows;
-    const wsUrl =
-      `${proto}//${window.location.host}/ws/term/sessions/${sessionId}/panes/${paneId}` +
-      `?cols=${initialCols}&rows=${initialRows}`;
-    const ws = new WebSocket(wsUrl);
-    ws.binaryType = 'arraybuffer';
-    wsRef.current = ws;
+    function buildUrl(): string {
+      const proto = window.location.protocol === 'https:' ? 'wss:' : 'ws:';
+      const cols = term.cols;
+      const rows = term.rows;
+      return (
+        `${proto}//${window.location.host}/ws/term/sessions/${sessionId}/panes/${paneId}` +
+        `?cols=${cols}&rows=${rows}`
+      );
+    }
 
-    ws.onmessage = (e) => {
-      if (typeof e.data === 'string') {
-        // Control frame from server (e.g. {"type":"exit","code":0}).
-        try {
-          const parsed = JSON.parse(e.data) as { type?: string; code?: number };
-          if (parsed.type === 'exit') {
-            term.write(`\r\n\x1b[2m[process exited with code ${parsed.code ?? 0}]\x1b[0m\r\n`);
+    function connect(): void {
+      if (disposed) return;
+      try {
+        const ws = new WebSocket(buildUrl());
+        ws.binaryType = 'arraybuffer';
+        wsRef.current = ws;
+
+        ws.onopen = () => {
+          if (disposed) return;
+          attempts = 0;
+          setConnState('open');
+        };
+
+        ws.onmessage = (e) => {
+          if (typeof e.data === 'string') {
+            try {
+              const parsed = JSON.parse(e.data) as { type?: string; code?: number };
+              if (parsed.type === 'exit') {
+                term.write(
+                  `\r\n\x1b[2m[process exited with code ${parsed.code ?? 0}]\x1b[0m\r\n`,
+                );
+                return;
+              }
+            } catch {
+              /* not JSON — fall through and write as text */
+            }
+            term.write(e.data);
+          } else {
+            term.write(new Uint8Array(e.data));
+          }
+        };
+
+        ws.onclose = () => {
+          if (disposed) return;
+          if (attempts >= MAX_RECONNECT_ATTEMPTS) {
+            setConnState('disconnected');
             return;
           }
-        } catch {
-          /* not JSON — fall through and write as text */
-        }
-        term.write(e.data);
-      } else {
-        term.write(new Uint8Array(e.data));
-      }
-    };
+          attempts += 1;
+          setConnState('reconnecting');
+          const delay = 500 * Math.pow(2, attempts - 1);
+          reconnectTimer = setTimeout(connect, delay);
+        };
 
-    ws.onclose = () => {
+        ws.onerror = () => {
+          // onclose follows — let it own the retry decision.
+        };
+      } catch {
+        if (attempts >= MAX_RECONNECT_ATTEMPTS) {
+          setConnState('disconnected');
+          return;
+        }
+        attempts += 1;
+        setConnState('reconnecting');
+        reconnectTimer = setTimeout(connect, 500 * Math.pow(2, attempts - 1));
+      }
+    }
+
+    function manualReconnect(): void {
       if (disposed) return;
-      term.write('\r\n\x1b[2m[disconnected]\x1b[0m\r\n');
-    };
+      if (reconnectTimer !== null) {
+        clearTimeout(reconnectTimer);
+        reconnectTimer = null;
+      }
+      attempts = 0;
+      setConnState('reconnecting');
+      try {
+        wsRef.current?.close();
+      } catch {
+        /* ignore */
+      }
+      reconnectTimer = setTimeout(connect, 50);
+    }
+    reconnectRef.current = manualReconnect;
 
     term.onData((data) => {
-      if (ws.readyState === WebSocket.OPEN) {
+      const ws = wsRef.current;
+      if (ws && ws.readyState === WebSocket.OPEN) {
         ws.send(data);
       }
     });
 
-    const fireResize = () => {
+    const fireResize = (): void => {
       try {
         fit.fit();
       } catch {
         return;
       }
-      const cols = term.cols;
-      const rows = term.rows;
-      api.terminals.resize(sessionId, paneId, cols, rows).catch(() => {
+      api.terminals.resize(sessionId, paneId, term.cols, term.rows).catch(() => {
         /* transient — next resize will catch up */
       });
     };
-
     const ro = new ResizeObserver(() => {
       if (resizeDebounceTimer !== null) clearTimeout(resizeDebounceTimer);
-      resizeDebounceTimer = setTimeout(fireResize, 100);
+      // v1.10.3 Issue 5: defer the actual fit to the next frame so the
+      // browser has applied the new layout before we measure cell sizes.
+      resizeDebounceTimer = setTimeout(() => {
+        requestAnimationFrame(fireResize);
+      }, 100);
     });
     ro.observe(container);
 
-    const unregister = terminalsRegistry.register(paneId, label);
+    const onVis = (): void => {
+      if (document.visibilityState !== 'visible') return;
+      const ws = wsRef.current;
+      if (!ws || ws.readyState === WebSocket.CLOSED || ws.readyState === WebSocket.CLOSING) {
+        manualReconnect();
+      }
+    };
+    document.addEventListener('visibilitychange', onVis);
 
+    const unregister = terminalsRegistry.register(paneId, label, () => {
+      try {
+        term.focus();
+      } catch {
+        /* ignore */
+      }
+    });
     const unsubscribe = sendToTerminal.subscribe(({ pane_id, text }) => {
       if (pane_id !== paneId) return;
-      if (ws.readyState !== WebSocket.OPEN) return;
+      const ws = wsRef.current;
+      if (!ws || ws.readyState !== WebSocket.OPEN) return;
       const payload = text.endsWith('\n') ? text : `${text}\n`;
       ws.send(payload);
     });
 
+    api.terminals.start(sessionId, paneId).catch(() => {});
+    connect();
+
     return () => {
       disposed = true;
+      document.removeEventListener('visibilitychange', onVis);
       unsubscribe();
       unregister();
       if (resizeDebounceTimer !== null) clearTimeout(resizeDebounceTimer);
+      if (reconnectTimer !== null) clearTimeout(reconnectTimer);
       ro.disconnect();
       try {
-        ws.close();
+        wsRef.current?.close();
       } catch {
         /* ignore */
       }
       wsRef.current = null;
       term.dispose();
+      termRef.current = null;
+      fitRef.current = null;
+      reconnectRef.current = () => {};
     };
   }, [sessionId, paneId, label]);
 
+  // v1.10.3 Issue 5 refit trigger: when this pane becomes active (e.g. after
+  // a mobile pane switch or an unmaximize), the container's measured size
+  // may differ from when xterm last fit. rAF defers the measurement to after
+  // the layout pass that the visibility change triggered.
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!active) return;
+    const fit = fitRef.current;
+    if (!fit) return;
+    const raf = requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+      try {
+        fit.fit();
+      } catch {
+        /* ignore */
+      }
+    });
+    return () => cancelAnimationFrame(raf);
+  }, [active]);
+
   return (
     <div
-      ref={containerRef}
-      className="w-full h-full bg-[#0b0f14] overflow-hidden"
-      data-testid="terminal-pane"
-    />
+      // v1.10.3 Issue 5: flex-1 + min-w-0 + self-stretch + w-full lets the
+      // pane absorb all available horizontal space without leaving a gap on
+      // either side of the xterm canvas.
+      className="relative flex-1 min-w-0 self-stretch w-full h-full bg-[#0b0f14]"
+    >
+      {/* v1.10.3 Issue 5: per-component CSS override (not global). React
+          deduplicates identical <style> bodies in modern browsers, so
+          multiple terminal panes don't bloat the head. */}
+      <style>{XTERM_STYLE_OVERRIDES}</style>
+      <div
+        ref={containerRef}
+        className="w-full h-full overflow-hidden"
+        style={{ touchAction: 'pan-y', background: TERM_BG }}
+        data-testid="terminal-pane"
+      />
+      {connState === 'reconnecting' && (
+        <div className="absolute inset-x-0 top-0 bg-amber-900/85 text-amber-100 text-xs px-3 py-1 flex items-center gap-2 pointer-events-none">
+          <RefreshCw size={12} className="animate-spin" />
+          <span>Reconnecting…</span>
+        </div>
+      )}
+      {connState === 'disconnected' && (
+        <div className="absolute inset-x-0 top-0 bg-destructive/85 text-destructive-foreground text-xs px-3 py-1 flex items-center gap-2">
+          <span>Disconnected from terminal server.</span>
+          <button
+            type="button"
+            onClick={() => reconnectRef.current()}
+            className="ml-auto inline-flex items-center gap-1 rounded bg-background/20 hover:bg-background/30 px-2 py-0.5"
+          >
+            <RefreshCw size={12} /> Reconnect
+          </button>
+        </div>
+      )}
+    </div>
   );
 }
diff --git a/apps/web/src/hooks/useWorkspacePanes.ts b/apps/web/src/hooks/useWorkspacePanes.ts
index 9c34273..d189df7 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/hooks/useWorkspacePanes.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/hooks/useWorkspacePanes.ts
@@ -11,8 +11,11 @@ function generateId(): string {
   return crypto.randomUUID();
 }
 
-function emptyPane(): WorkspacePane {
-  return { id: generateId(), kind: 'empty', chatIds: [], activeChatIdx: -1 };
+// v1.10.3: optional id arg lets addSplitPane lift id generation out of the
+// setPanes updater so the new pane's id can be returned synchronously to the
+// caller (needed for mobile URL state).
+function emptyPane(id: string = generateId()): WorkspacePane {
+  return { id, kind: 'empty', chatIds: [], activeChatIdx: -1 };
 }
 
 function chatPane(chatId: string): WorkspacePane {
@@ -23,8 +26,8 @@ function chatPane(chatId: string): WorkspacePane {
 // tmux window key on booterm — see apps/booterm/src/pty/manager.ts. They
 // persist in localStorage along with chat panes so a refresh resumes the
 // same tmux window via the idempotent start endpoint.
-function terminalPane(): WorkspacePane {
-  return { id: generateId(), kind: 'terminal', chatIds: [], activeChatIdx: -1 };
+function terminalPane(id: string = generateId()): WorkspacePane {
+  return { id, kind: 'terminal', chatIds: [], activeChatIdx: -1 };
 }
 
 // v1.9: settings pane factory. No chats, no state beyond identity — the
@@ -80,7 +83,11 @@ export interface UseWorkspacePanesResult {
   closeTabsToRight: (paneIdx: number, pivotChatId: string) => void;
   closeAllTabs: (paneIdx: number) => void;
   showLandingPage: (paneIdx: number) => void;
-  addSplitPane: (kind: 'chat' | 'terminal' | 'agent') => void;
+  // v1.10.3: returns the new pane's id (or null if the operation was a no-op:
+  // 'agent' kind is a toast stub, or max panes reached). Callers can use the
+  // id to update mobile URL state so the URL-sync effect doesn't fight the
+  // freshly-set activePaneIdx.
+  addSplitPane: (kind: 'chat' | 'terminal' | 'agent') => string | null;
   // Open-on-first-click, close-on-second-click. Singleton — settings panes
   // don't count toward MAX_PANES. Closing the only remaining pane (edge case)
   // falls back to an empty pane to preserve the "always one pane" invariant.
@@ -241,22 +248,29 @@ export function useWorkspacePanes(sessionId: string): UseWorkspacePanesResult {
     });
   }, []);
 
-  const addSplitPane = useCallback((kind: 'chat' | 'terminal' | 'agent') => {
+  const addSplitPane = useCallback((kind: 'chat' | 'terminal' | 'agent'): string | null => {
     if (kind === 'agent') {
       toast('Agent panes coming in BooCoder');
-      return;
+      return null;
     }
+    // Generate the id outside the updater so we can return it deterministically.
+    // setPanes's updater can be invoked twice in strict mode; using a fixed id
+    // ensures both invocations agree and the returned id matches what landed.
+    const newPaneId = generateId();
+    let success = false;
     setPanes((prev) => {
       // v1.9: settings panes are excluded from the MAX cap (decision c).
       if (nonSettingsCount(prev) >= MAX_PANES) {
         toast.error(`Maximum ${MAX_PANES} panes`);
         return prev;
       }
-      const newPane = kind === 'terminal' ? terminalPane() : emptyPane();
+      const newPane = kind === 'terminal' ? terminalPane(newPaneId) : emptyPane(newPaneId);
       const next = [...prev, newPane];
       setActivePaneIdx(next.length - 1);
+      success = true;
       return next;
     });
+    return success ? newPaneId : null;
   }, []);
 
   const toggleSettingsPane = useCallback(() => {
diff --git a/apps/web/src/lib/events.ts b/apps/web/src/lib/events.ts
index a41e970..7eaa9a6 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/lib/events.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/lib/events.ts
@@ -44,6 +44,9 @@ export const sendToTerminal = createEvent<SendToTerminalPayload>();
 export interface TerminalRegistration {
   paneId: string;
   label: string;
+  // v1.10.3 kbd-shortcuts: Cmd+` needs to focus the active terminal's xterm
+  // input layer. TerminalPane binds this to term.focus().
+  focus: () => void;
 }
 
 const terminalRegistry = new Map<string, TerminalRegistration>();
@@ -60,8 +63,8 @@ function notifyRegistry(): void {
 }
 
 export const terminalsRegistry = {
-  register(paneId: string, label: string): () => void {
-    terminalRegistry.set(paneId, { paneId, label });
+  register(paneId: string, label: string, focus: () => void): () => void {
+    terminalRegistry.set(paneId, { paneId, label, focus });
     notifyRegistry();
     return () => {
       terminalRegistry.delete(paneId);
@@ -71,6 +74,9 @@ export const terminalsRegistry = {
   list(): TerminalRegistration[] {
     return Array.from(terminalRegistry.values());
   },
+  get(paneId: string): TerminalRegistration | undefined {
+    return terminalRegistry.get(paneId);
+  },
   subscribe(listener: Listener<void>): () => void {
     registryListeners.add(listener);
     return () => {
diff --git a/apps/web/src/pages/Session.tsx b/apps/web/src/pages/Session.tsx
index 8eb58e6..97000d6 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/pages/Session.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/pages/Session.tsx
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import { ChevronRight, FolderTree, Menu } from 'lucide-react';
 import { api } from '@/api/client';
 import type { Project, Session as SessionType } from '@/api/types';
 import { sessionEvents } from '@/hooks/sessionEvents';
+import { terminalsRegistry } from '@/lib/events';
 import { useActivePane } from '@/hooks/useActivePane';
 import { useSidebarDrawer } from '@/hooks/useSidebarDrawer';
 import { useRightRailDrawer } from '@/hooks/useRightRailDrawer';
@@ -170,6 +171,110 @@ function SessionInner({ sessionId }: { sessionId: string }) {
     [setActivePaneIdx, isMobile, panes, navigate, location.pathname, location.search],
   );
 
+  // v1.10.3 fix: addSplitPane sets activePaneIdx, but on mobile the URL-sync
+  // effect below sees a stale ?pane= and immediately resets the index. Push
+  // the new pane's id to the URL atomically so the effect's next pass sees a
+  // matching id and is a no-op. Desktop has no URL pane state — fall through.
+  const addPaneAndSwitch = useCallback(
+    (kind: 'chat' | 'terminal' | 'agent') => {
+      const newPaneId = addSplitPane(kind);
+      if (newPaneId === null) return;
+      if (isMobile) {
+        const params = new URLSearchParams(location.search);
+        params.set('pane', newPaneId);
+        navigate(`${location.pathname}?${params.toString()}`);
+      }
+    },
+    [addSplitPane, isMobile, navigate, location.pathname, location.search],
+  );
+
+  // v1.10.3 keyboard shortcuts. Window-level keydown so they fire from
+  // anywhere in the session view. Only Cmd/Ctrl-Shift-C defers to the xterm
+  // (which has its own copy binding for that combo); everything else fires
+  // regardless of focus. Cmd-W and Cmd-T are typically reserved by the
+  // browser — preventDefault() works in most browsers but not all.
+  useEffect(() => {
+    function onKey(e: KeyboardEvent): void {
+      const mod = e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey;
+      if (!mod) return;
+      const key = e.key.toLowerCase();
+      const target = e.target;
+      const inXterm = target instanceof Element && target.closest('.xterm') !== null;
+
+      // Cmd/Ctrl + ` — focus the active terminal or jump to the most recent
+      // terminal pane and focus it. No-op if there are no terminal panes.
+      if (key === '`') {
+        e.preventDefault();
+        const activePane = panes[activePaneIdx];
+        if (activePane?.kind === 'terminal') {
+          terminalsRegistry.get(activePane.id)?.focus();
+          return;
+        }
+        let lastTermIdx = -1;
+        for (let i = panes.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+          if (panes[i]?.kind === 'terminal') {
+            lastTermIdx = i;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+        if (lastTermIdx < 0) return;
+        const target = panes[lastTermIdx];
+        switchActivePane(lastTermIdx);
+        if (target) {
+          // The terminal may have just mounted on mobile (it was return-null
+          // before the switch). Defer focus until the new render commits.
+          setTimeout(() => terminalsRegistry.get(target.id)?.focus(), 80);
+        }
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // Cmd/Ctrl + Shift + T — new terminal pane and switch to it.
+      if (key === 't' && e.shiftKey) {
+        e.preventDefault();
+        addPaneAndSwitch('terminal');
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // Cmd/Ctrl + Shift + C — new chat pane and switch to it. The xterm's
+      // own Shift-C binding is "copy selection" — defer to it when in xterm.
+      if (key === 'c' && e.shiftKey) {
+        if (inXterm) return;
+        e.preventDefault();
+        addPaneAndSwitch('chat');
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // Cmd/Ctrl + W — close the active pane.
+      if (key === 'w' && !e.shiftKey) {
+        e.preventDefault();
+        removePane(activePaneIdx);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // Cmd/Ctrl + Tab / Shift+Tab — cycle through panes.
+      if (key === 'tab') {
+        if (panes.length <= 1) return;
+        e.preventDefault();
+        const dir = e.shiftKey ? -1 : 1;
+        const next = (activePaneIdx + dir + panes.length) % panes.length;
+        switchActivePane(next);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // Cmd/Ctrl + 1..9 — direct jump to pane N.
+      if (/^[1-9]$/.test(key)) {
+        const idx = parseInt(key, 10) - 1;
+        if (idx < panes.length) {
+          e.preventDefault();
+          switchActivePane(idx);
+        }
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+    window.addEventListener('keydown', onKey);
+    return () => window.removeEventListener('keydown', onKey);
+  }, [panes, activePaneIdx, switchActivePane, addPaneAndSwitch, removePane]);
+
   async function saveName() {
     if (!session) return;
     const trimmed = name.trim();
@@ -264,7 +369,7 @@ function SessionInner({ sessionId }: { sessionId: string }) {
                 onRenameChat={renameChat}
               />
               <NewPaneMenu
-                onAddPane={addSplitPane}
+                onAddPane={addPaneAndSwitch}
                 disabled={panes.length >= MAX_PANES}
               />
             </div>